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14 Jan 2026

Study

LLMs · Tokenizers: BPE

Byte-pair encoding from scratch: start from characters, repeatedly merge the most frequent adjacent pair, and use the learned merges to tokenise new words, compared with GPT-2's real tokenizer.

  • BPE learns its vocabulary by repeatedly merging the most frequent adjacent pair of symbols.
  • Frequent words become single tokens; rare words are split into known pieces.

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